Reviews of Thermoelectric Materials and Devices

G. Jeffrey Snyder and Eric S. Toberer "Complex Thermoelectric Materials" Nature Materials 7, 105-114 (2008). Republished in "Nanoscience and Technology
A Collection of Reviews from Nature Journals" Nature Publishing Group (2010)

E. S. Toberer, A. F. May and G. J. Snyder ”Zintl Chemistry for Designing High Efficiency Thermoelectric Materials” Chemistry of Materials, (in press 2010)

D.L. Medlin and G.J. Snyder "Interfaces in Bulk Thermoelectric Materials" Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science (2009) .

Susan M. Kauzlarich, Shawna R. Brown and G. Jeffrey Snyder "Zintl phases for thermoelectric devices" Dalton Transactions 2007, 2099 (2007).

G. J. Snyder, "Small Thermoelectric Generators" Interface, Fall 2008, p54.

Book Chapters

Snyder, G. J. "Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting" Chapter 11 in "Energy Harvesting Technologies" S. Priya, & D. Inman, Eds (2008).

T. Ikeda, G. J. Snyder "Creation and development of nanostructure in bulk thermoelectric materials” Section 4, Chapter 2 in "Handbook of Thermoelectric Conversion Technology" Takenobu Kajikawa, Ryoji Funahashi, et al. editors (2008, in Japanese)

Snyder, G. J. "Thermoelectric Power Generation: Efficiency and Compatibility" Chapter 9, CRC Handbook on Thermoelectrics. (2005)

Thermoelectric Nanomaterials

Zn-Sb nanocomposites

Ø. Prytz, A. E. Gunnæs, O. B. Karlsen, T. H. Breivik, E. S. Toberer, G. Jeffrey Snyder, J. Taftø “Nanoscale inclusions in the phonon glass thermoelectric material Zn4Sb3” Philosophical Magazine Letters (2009)

H.J. Kim, E.S. Bozin, S.M. Haile, G.J. Snyder, S.J.L. Billinge "Nanoscale alpha-structural domains in the phonon-glass thermoelectric material beta-Zn4Sb3" Physical Review B 75, 134103 (2007).

PbTe-Sb2Te3 nanocomposites

T. Ikeda, V. A. Ravi, and G. J. Snyder " Formation of Sb2Te3 Widmanstätten precipitates in thermoelectric PbTe" Acta Materialia 57 p. 666 (2009).

T. Ikeda, E. Toberer, V. Ravi, G. Snyder, S. Aoyagi, E. Nishibori, M. Sakata " In situ observation of eutectoid reaction forming a PbTe-Sb2Te3 thermoelectric nanocomposite by synchrotron X-ray diffraction" Scripta Materialia 60, p. 321 (2009).

T. Ikeda, V. A. Ravi, and G. J. Snyder "Microstructure Size Control through Cooling Rate in Thermoelectric PbTe-Sb2Te3 Composites" Met. Mat. Trans. A, (in press).

T. Ikeda, V. A. Ravi, G. J. Snyder "Evaluation of true inter-lamellar spacing from microstructural observations” J. Materials Research. 9, 2538 (2008).

T. Ikeda, L. Collins, V. A. Ravi, F. Gascoin, S. M. Haile and G. J. Snyder "Self-Assembled Nanometer Lamellae of Thermoelectric PbTe and Sb2Te3 with Epitaxy-like Interfaces" Chemistry of Materials 19(4) pp 763 - 767 (2007).

T. Ikeda, S. M. Haile, V. A. Ravi, H. Azizgolshani, F. Gascoin and G. J. Snyder "Solidification processing of alloys in the pseudo-binary PbTe-Sb2Te3 system" Acta Materialia 55, p 1227-1239 (2007).

T. Ikeda, V. A Ravi, L. Collins, S. M. Haile and G. J. Snyder "Development and Evolution of Nanostructure in Thermoelectric Pb-Te-Sb Alloys" J. Electronic Mat. 36, 716-20 (2007).

T. Ikeda, E. S. Toberer, V. A Ravi, S. M. Haile and G. J. Snyder " Lattice thermal conductivity of self-assembled PbTe-Sb2Te3 composites with nanometer lamellae" Twenty-sixth International Conference on Thermoelectrics. Proceedings, ICT'07 (Jeju, Korea) p. 1 (PDF 500KB)

T. Ikeda, V. A Ravi, L. Collins, S. M. Haile and G. J. Snyder "Development of Nanostructures in Thermoelectric Pb-Te-Sb Alloys" Twenty-fifth International Conference on Thermoelectrics. Proceedings, ICT'06 (IEEE, Vienna, Austria) p. 172-175 (PDF 790KB)

T. Ikeda, H. Azizgolshani, S. M. Haile, G. J. Snyder and V. A Ravi "Solidification Processing of Te–Sb–Pb Alloys For Thermoelectric Applications" 24th International Conference on Thermoelectrics. Proceedings, ICT'05 p.132 (IEEE, Clemson, SC, USA, 2005) (PDF 1.6 MB).

Martin-Gonzalez M, Snyder GJ, Prieto AL, Gronsky R, Sands T, Stacy AM "Direct electrodeposition of highly dense 50 nm Bi2Te3-ySey nanowire arrays" Nano Letters 3(7): 973-977 (2003)

 

Thermoelectric Bulk Materials

J. P. Heremans, V. Jovovic, E. S. Toberer, A. Saramat, K. Kurosaki , A. Charoenphakdee, S. Yamanaka and G. J. Snyder "Enhancement of Thermoelectric Efficiency in PbTe by Distortion of the Electronic Density of States" Science 321, 554 (2008)

Yb14MnSb11 structure-type Compounds

C. A. Cox, E. S. Toberer, A. A. Levchenko, S. R. Brown, G. J. Snyder, A. Navrotsky, S. M. Kauzlarich, “Structure, Heat Capacity, and High-Temperature Thermal Properties of Yb14Mn1-xAlxSb11” Chemistry of Materials, 21, 1354 (2009)

E. S. Toberer, C. A. Cox, S. R. Brown, T. Ikeda, A. F. May, S. M. Kauzlarich, G. J. Snyder “Traversing the metal-insulator transition in a Zintl phase: Rational enhancement of thermoelectric efficiency in Yb14Mn1-xAlxSb11” Advanced Functional Materials, 18, 2795 (2008)

E. S. Toberer, S. R. Brown, T. Ikeda, S. M. Kauzlarich, G. J. Snyder "High thermoelectric efficiency in lanthanum doped Yb14MnSb11" Applied Physics Letters, 93, 062110 (2008).

S. R. Brown, E. S. Toberer, T. Ikeda, C. A. Cox, F. Gascoin, S. M. Kauzlarich, G. J. Snyder “Improved Thermoelectric Performance in Yb14Mn1-xZnxSb11 by the Reduction of Spin-Disorder Scattering” Chemistry of Materials, 20, 3412 (2008)

Shawna R. Brown, Susan M. Kauzlarich, Franck Gascoin, and G. Jeffrey Snyder
"Yb14MnSb11: New High Efficiency Thermoelectric Material for Power Generation"
Chem. Mater. 18, 1873 (2006)

J. F. Rauscher, C. A. Cox, T. Yi, P. Klavins, E. S. Toberer, G. J. Snyder, S. M. Kauzlarich, “Synthesis, Structure, Magnetism, and High Temperature Thermoelectric Properties of Ge doped Yb14MnSb11” Dalton Trans. (in press)

La3-xTe4 Compounds

O. Delaire, A.F. May, M.A. McGuire, W.D. Porter, M. S. Lucas, M. B. Stone, D. L. Abernathy, V. A. Ravi, S. A. Firdosy, and G. J. Snyder “Phonon density of states and heat capacity of La3-xTe4” Physical Review B (in press)

A. F. May, D. J. Singh, G. J. Snyder "Influence of band structure on the large thermoelectric performance of lanthanum telluride" Physical Review B 79, 153101 (2009)

A. F. May, J.-P. Fleurial, G. J. Snyder "Thermoelectric performance of lanthanum telluride produced via mechanical alloying" Physical Review B 78, 125205 (2008).

Ba-Ga-Ge Clathrates

A. F. May, Eric S. Toberer, Ali Saramat, G. J. Snyder “Characterization and analysis of thermoelectric transport in n-type BaGaGe” Physical Review B 80, 125205 (2009).

Ali Saramat, Eric S. Toberer, Andrew F. May and G. Jeffery Snyder “Thermal Stability and Phase Purity in Polycrystalline Ba8GaxGe46-x” J. Electronic Mater. 38, p. 1423 (2009).

D. Cederkrantz, Ali Saramat, G. Jeffery Snyder and A. E. C. Palmqvist “Thermal stability and thermoelectric properties of p-type Ba8Ga16Ge30 clathrates” J. Apl. Phys. 106, 074509 (2009)

E. S. Toberer, M. Christensen, B. B. Iversen, G. J. Snyder " High temperature thermoelectric efficiency in Ba8Ga16Ge30" Physical Review B 77, 075203 (2008).

M. Christensen, G.J. Snyder, B.B. Iversen "High temperature thermoelectric properties of Czochralski-pulled Ba8Ga16Ge30" in Twenty-fifth International Conference on Thermoelectrics. Proceedings, ICT'06 (IEEE, Vienna, Austria) p. 40-43 (PDF 566KB)

A-Zn-Sb Zintl Compounds

Eric S. Toberer, A. F. May, Brent C. Melot, Espen Flage-Larsen, G. J. Snyder “Electronic structure and transport in thermoelectric compounds AZn2Sb2 (A = Sr, Ca, Yb, Eu)” Dalton Trans. 2010, in press (2010).

Franck Gascoin, Sandra Ottensmann, Daniel Stark, Sossina M. Haile, G. Jeffrey Snyder "Zintl Phases as Thermoelectric Materials: Tuned Transport Properties of the
Compounds CaxYb1-xZn2Sb2" Advanced Functional Materials,Vol 15, p1860 (2005)

E. S. Toberer, A. F. May, C. J. Scanlon and G. J. Snyder “Thermoelectric properties of p-type LiZnSb: Assessment of ab initio calculations” J. Applied. Phys. 105, 063701 (2009)

A. F. May, E. S. Toberer and G. J. Snyder “Transport properties of the layered Zintl compound SrZnSb2” J. Apl. Phys. 106, 013706 (2009)

Cathie L. Condron, Susan M. Kauzlarich, Franck Gascoin, and G. Jeffrey Snyder " Thermoelectric properties and microstructure of Mg3Sb2" J. Solid State Chem. 179, 2252 (2006).

Dan Stark, G. J. Snyder. "The Synthesis of CaZn2Sb2 and its Thermoelectric Properties." Twentyfirst International Conference on Thermoelectrics. Proceedings, ICT'02 (IEEE, Long Beach, California, USA, 2002), p. 181 (PDF 506 kB)

Silicon Clathrates and Silicides

Cathie L. Condron, Susan M. Kauzlarich, Franck Gascoin, and G. Jeffrey Snyder " Thermoelectric Properties and Microstructure of Ba8Al14Si31 and EuBa7Al13Si33" Chem. Mater. 18, 4939 (2006).

C. L. Condron, J. K. Wassei, T. Ikeda, G. J. Snyder, S. M. Kauzlarich “Structure and High Temperature Thermoelectric Properties of SrAl2Si2” J. Solid State Chem, 182, p. 240 (2009).

C. L. Condron, et al. “Synthesis, structure, and high-temperature thermoelectric properties of boron-doped Ba8Al14Si31 clathrate I phases” Inorg. Chem. 47, 8204 (2008).

Zn4Sb3

G. Jeffrey Snyder, Mogens Christensen, Eiji Nishibori, Thierry Caillat, Bo Brummerstedt Iversen "Disordered Zinc in Zn4Sb3 with Phonon Glass, Electron Crystal Thermoelectric Properties" Nature Materials, Vol 3, p 458-463 (2004)

E. S. Toberer, K. A. Sasaki, C. R. I. Chisholm, S. M. Haile, W. A. Goddard III, G. J. Snyder “Local structure of interstitial Zn in beta-Zn4Sb3” physica status solidi - Rapid Research Letters, (2007)

R. Hermann, F. Grandjean, Tsi-Chi Chen, D. Brown, C. E. Johnson, G. J. Snyder, and Gary J. Long, "An Antimony-121 Mössbauer Spectral Study of alpha-Zn4Sb3" Inorg. Chem., 46, p767 (2007).

Chalfin E, Lu HX, Dieckmann R., "Cation tracer diffusion in the thermoelectric materials Cu3Mo6Se8 and "beta-Zn4Sb3" Solid State Ionics 178, 447-456 (2007)

S. Bhattacharya, R.P. Hermann, V. Keppens, T.M. Tritt, G.J. Snyder "Effect of disorder on the thermal transport and elastic properties in thermoelectric Zn4Sb3" Physical Review B, 74, 134108 (2006).

F. Cargnoni, E. Nishibori, P. Rabiller, L. Bertini, G. J. Snyder, M. Christensen, C. Gatti, B. B. Iversen, "Interstitial Zn Atoms Do the Trick in Thermoelectric Zinc Antimonide, Zn4Sb3: A Combined Maximum Entropy Method X-ray Electron Density and Ab Initio Electronic Structure Study" Chem Eur, Vol 10 p3861 (2004).

E. Nishibori, E.; Snyder, G.J.; Iversen, B.B. “The structure of high-performance thermoelectric material, beta -Zn4Sb3 by maximum entropy method” Journal of the Crystallographic Society of Japan 47, 204-10, (2005).

G. J. Snyder, P. W. Stephens and S. M. Haile “Synchrotron X-ray structure refinement of Zn4Sb3” in Twenty-fourth International Conference on Thermoelectrics. Proceedings, ICT'05 (IEEE, Clemson, SC, 2005), p. 312. (PDF 324 kB)

Caillat, T., J.-P. Fleurial, and A. Borshchevsky "Thermal conductivity of Zn4-xCdxSb3 solid solutions" Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, p. 103-8. (1997). (PDF 80kB)

Caillat, T., J.-P. Fleurial, and A. Borshchevsky "Preparation and thermoelectric properties of semiconducting Zn4Sb3" J. Phys. Chem. Solids,Vol. 58, p. 1119-25. (1997). (PDF 240kB)

Mo3Sb7-xTex

Franck Gascoin, Julia Rasmussen, and G. Jeffrey Snyder "High temperature thermoelectric properties of Mo3Sb7-xTex for x = 1.6 and 1.5" J. Alloys Compounds. 427, 324 (2007).

Sidney Wang,G.Jeff Snyder,and Thierry Caillat. "Thermoelectric Properties of Nb3SbxTe7-x Compounds." Twentyfirst International Conference on Thermoelectrics. Proceedings, ICT'02 (IEEE, Long Beach, California, USA, 2002), p. 170 (PDF 155 kB)

A11MSb9

T. Yi, C. Cox, G. J. Snyder, E. S. Toberer, S. M. Kauzlarich “High temperature transport properties of the Zintl phases Yb11GaSb9 and Yb11InSb9” Chemistry of Materials, (in press)

A11Sb10

Shawna R. Brown, Susan M. Kauzlarich, Franck Gascoin, and G. Jeffrey Snyder
"High-temperature thermoelectric studies of A11Sb10 (A=Yb, Ca)"
J. Solid State Chem. 180, 1414 (2007)

J F. Rauscher, S M. Kauzlarich,T Ikeda, G. J Snyder “Synthesis, Structure, and High Temperature Thermoelectric Properties of Yb11Sb9.3Ge0.5” Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie 633, 1587-94 (2007).

Skutterudites

Watcharapasorn, A., R. S. Feigelson, T. Caillat, A. Borshchevsky, G. J. Snyder and J.-P. Fleurial. "Preparation and thermoelectric properties of CeFe4As12." Journal of Applied Physics, Vol 91 p1344 (2002).

Caillat, T., A. Borshchevsky, and J.-P. Fleurial "Properties of single crystalline semiconducting CoSb3" Journal of Applied Physics, Vol 80, p. 4442-9. (1996)

Caillat, T., J.-P. Fleurial, and A. Borshchevsky "Bridgman-solution crystal growth and characterization of the skutterudite compounds CoSb3 and RhSb3" J. Crystal Growth,Vol. 166, p. 722-6. (1996).

J.-P. Fleurial, T. Caillat, and A. Borshchevsky. "Skutterudites: an Update". in 16th International Conference on Thermoelectrics. 1997. Dresden, Germany: IEEE Piscataway, NJ, p 1 (PDF 552 kB)

Watcharapasorn, A., R.C. DeMattei, R.S. Feigelson, T. Caillat, A. Borshchevsky, G.J. Snyder, and J.-P. Fleurial, "Preparation and thermoelectric properties of some phosphide skutterudite compounds". Journal of Applied Physics, 86(11): p. 6213 (1999).

Staneff, G.D.; Asimow, P.D.; Caillat, T. "Synthesis and thermoelectric properties of Ce(Ru0.67Rh0.33)4Sb12" (Mater. Res. Soc. Symposium Proceedings Vol.793) : 101-6, (2004)

Watcharapasorn, A., R. C. DeMattei, R. S. Feigelson, T. Caillat, A. Borshchevsky, G. J. Snyder and J.-P. Fleurial. "Thermoelectric properties of some cobalt phosphide-arsenide compounds" Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings. Z1.4.1 (2000) (PDF 52 kB).

Chevrel Phases and Other Metal Cluster

Anneliese M. Schmidt, Michael A. McGuire, Franck Gascoin, G.Jeffrey Snyder and Francis J. DiSalvo “Synthesis and thermoelectric properties of (CuyMo6Se8)1-x(Mo4Ru2Se8)x alloys” J. Alloys Compounds.431, 262-8 (2007).

McGuire MA, Schmidt AM, Gascoin F, Snyder GJ, DiSalvo FJ “Thermoelectric and structural properties of a new Chevrel phase: Ti0.3Mo5RuSe8” J. Solid State Chem. 179, 2158 (2006).

Caillat, T., J.-P. Fleurial, and G.J. Snyder, "Potential of Chevrel phases for thermoelectric applications". Solid State Sciences, 1: p. 535 (1999).

Caillat, T., S. Chung, J.-P. Fleurial, G.J. Snyder, and A. Borshchevsky. "Some properties of Re2Te5-based materials". in 17th international conference on Thermoelectrics. Nagoya, Japan: IEEE Piscataway, NJ (1998) p298. (PDF 460 kB)

Caillat, T., and J.-P. Fleurial "Thermoelectric properties of the semiconducting Chevrel phase Mo2Re4Se8" J. Phys. Chem. Solids,Vol. 59, p. 1139-44. (1998).

Tetradymite Tellurides

A. S. Guloy, F. Gascoin, A. Chamoire, J. C. Tedenac, G. J. Snyder “Synthesis and thermoelectric properties of YbSb2Te4” physica status solidi - Rapid Research Letters, (2007)

N.Gerovac,G.J.Snyder,and T.Caillat. "Thermoelectric Properties of n-type Polycrystalline BixSb2-xTe3 Alloys." Twentyfirst International Conference on Thermoelectrics. Proceedings, ICT'02 (IEEE, Long Beach, California, USA, 2002), p. 31 (PDF 78.7 kB)

Caillat, T., C.K. Huang, J.-P. Fleurial, G.J. Snyder, and A. Borshchevsky. "Thermoelectric properteies of PbBi4Te7 type compounds". in 19th International Conference on Thermoelectrics. 2000. Cardiff, UK: IEEE Piscataway, NJ, p 151 (PDF 444 kB)

Nancy Chen, Franck Gascoin, Eckhard Müller, Gabriele Karpinski, Christian Stiewe,
G. Jeffrey Snyder, "Macroscopic Thermoelectric Inhomogeneities in
(AgSbTe2)x(PbTe)1-x Materials" Appl. Phys. Lett. Vol 87, p.171903 (2005)

 

Selenides

G. J. Snyder, T. Caillat, and J.-P. Fleurial. "Thermoelectric Properties of Chalcogenides with the Spinel Structure". Materials Research Innovations, Vol. 5, p. 67. (2001).

G. J. Snyder, T. Caillat, and J.-P. Fleurial. "Thermoelectric Transport and Magnetic Properties of the Polaron Semiconductor FexCr3-xSe4" Physical Review B Vol. 62, p. 10185 (2000).

Snyder, G.J., T. Caillat, and J.-P. Fleurial. "Thermoelectric properties of Cr3S4 type selenides". Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, 545 p. 333. (1999). (PDF 1.22 MB)

Snyder, G. J., T. Caillat and J.-P. Fleurial. "Thermoelectric properties of selenide spinels" Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings. Z3.3.1 (2000).(PDF 228 kB)

Other thermoelectric compounds

G. J. Snyder, T. Caillat, and J.-P. Fleurial. "Thermoelectric properties of the incommensurate layered semiconductor GexNbTe2" Journal of Materials Research. Vol. 15, p. 2789 (2000).

Snyder, G. J., T. Caillat and J.-P. Fleurial . "Thermoelectric properties of the incommensurate layered semiconductor GexNbTe2". in 18th international conference on Thermoelectrics. Proceedings, ICT'99 IEEE p.541 (1999)

Caillat, T.; Fleurial, J.-P.; Borshchevsky, A. "Growth and some properties of Cr11Ge19"
Journal of Alloys and Compounds vol.252, no.1-2 : 12-15, (1997)

NASA Tech Briefs and Technology reports

"Mechanical alloying for making thermoelectric compounds" NASA Tech Briefs, Sept 2007, NPO-44356.

"Coating Thermoelectric Devices To Suppress Sublimation" NASA Tech Briefs, Sept 2007, NPO-40040.

"Macroscopic Thermoelectric Inhomogeneities in (AgSbTe2)x(PbTe)1-x Materials” NASA Tech Briefs, Oct. 2006 NPO-42657.

"Alphavoltaic Sources Using Liquid Ga as Conversion Medium" NASA Tech Briefs, July 2006, NPO-30322.

"Chevrel Phases as Potential Thermoelectric Materials" NASA Tech Briefs, Vol. 26, No. 5 (May 2002), NPO-21012.

"Filled Skutterudites as Thermoelectric Materials" NASA Tech Briefs, (June 2001), NPO-19909.

"Zn4Sb3: A High-Performance Thermoelectric Material" NASA Tech Briefs (Feb. 1999) NPO-19677 and

"High-Performance Thermoelectric Materials Based on (Zn,Cd)4Sb3" NASA Tech Briefs (Feb. 1999) NPO-19851

 

Thermoelectric Physics

Snyder, G. J. "Thermoelectric Power Generation: Efficiency and Compatibility" Chapter 9, CRC Handbook on Thermoelectrics. (2005)

Snyder, G. J. "Application of the Compatibility Factor to the Design of Segmented and Cascaded Thermoelectric Generators" Appl. Phys. Lett. Vol 84, p. 2436 (2004)

G. Jeffrey Snyder, Tristan Ursell. "Thermoelectric efficiency and compatibility"
Physical Review Letters, Vol 91 p. 148301 (2003)

W. Seifert, E. Müller, G. J. Snyder, S. Walczak “Compatibility factor for the power output of a thermogenerator” physica status solidi - Rapid Research Letters, 1, 250-2, (2007)

G. J. Snyder and T. Caillat, "Using The Compatibility Factor To Design High Efficiency Segmented Thermoelectric Generators" Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, Vol 793, p 37 (2003) (PDF 892 kB)

T. S. Ursell and G. J. Snyder. "Compatibility of Segmented Thermoelectric Generators. "Twentyfirst International Conference on Thermoelectrics. Proceedings, ICT'02 (IEEE, Long Beach, California, USA, 2002), p. 412 (PDF 214 kB)

G. J. Snyder, J.-P. Fleurial, R-G Yang, T. Caillat, and G. Chen. "Supercooling Of Peltier Cooler Using A Current Pulse". Journal of Applied Physics, Vol 92, p. 1564. (2002).

"Current Pulses Momentarily Enhance Thermoelectric Cooling" NASA Tech Briefs, (May 2004), NPO-30553.

Measurement Methods

High temperature Seebeck (in operation at JPL):
C. Wood, L. D. Zoltan, and G. Stapfer, "Measurement of Seebeck coefficient using a light pulse" Review of scientific instruments 56, 719 (1985).

High temperature combined Seebeck/resistivity (in operation at JPL):
L.D. Zoltan, C. Wood, J.-P. Fleurial and Y. Liu, Proceedings of the IXth International Conference on Thermoelectrics, Pasadena, California, March 19-21, (1), 323-330 (1990).

High temperature Hall effect (early JPL version no longer in use):
C. Wood, A. Lockwood, A. Chmielewski, J. Parker, and A. Zoltan, "High temperature Hall-effect apparatus" Review of Scientific Instruments 55, 110 (1984).

High temperature Hall effect (in operation at JPL):
J. A. McCormack and J.-P. Fleurial, "Electrical Characterization Of SiGe Thin Films" in Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings Vol 234, 135, (1991)

High temperature Thermal Diffusivity (modified IR detector system in operation at JPL):
C. Wood and A. Zoltan, "Simple high-temperature thermal diffusivity apparatus" Review of Scientific Instruments 55, 235 (1984).

High temperature Seebeck (similar version in operation at JPL):
Z. H. Zhou and C. Uher, "Apparatus for Seebeck coefficient and electrical resistivity measurements of bulk thermoelectric materials at high temperature" Review of Scientific Instruments 76 (2005).

J. W. Vandersande, A. Zoltan, and C. Wood, "Accurate determination of specific heat at high temperatures using the flash diffusivity method" International Journal of Thermophysics 10, 251 (1989).

C. Wood, A. Chmielewski, and D. Zoltan, "Measurement of Seebeck coefficient using a large thermal gradient" Review of Scientific Instruments 59, 951 (1988)

 

Thermoelectric Engineering

G. J. Snyder, "Design and Optimization of Compatible, Segmented Thermoelectric Generators” in Twenty-second International Conference on Thermoelectrics. Proceedings, ICT'03 (IEEE, La Grande Motte, France, 2003), p. 443.(PDF 468 kB)

"Miniature Radioisotope Thermoelectric Power Cubes" NASA Tech Briefs, Feb. 2004 NPO-30328

“Aerogels for Thermal Insulation of Thermoelectric Devices” NASA Tech Briefs, July 2006, NPO-40630

G.J.Snyder, A.Borshchevsky, A.Zoltan, T.Caillat, J.-P.Fleurial, B.Nesmith ,J.Mondt, T.McBirney, D.Allen, J.C.Bass, S.Ghamaty, N.Elsner, L.Anatychuk. "Testing of Milliwatt Power Source Components." Twentyfirst International Conference on Thermoelectrics. Proceedings, ICT'02 (IEEE, Long Beach, California, USA, 2002), p. 463 (PDF 4.58 MB)

Fleurial, J.-P.; Johnson, K.; Mondt, J.; Sakamoto, J.; Snyder, J.; et al. “Development of segmented thermoelectric multicouple converter technology” 2006 IEEE Aerospace Conference, 4-11 March 2006, Big Sky, MT, USA

“Thermoelectric Air/Soil Energy Harvesting Device” NASA Tech Briefs, Oct. 2005, NPO-30831.

E.E.Lawrence and G.J.Snyder. "A Study of Heat Sink Performance in Air and Soil for Use in a
Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting Device." Twentyfirst International Conference on Thermoelectrics. Proceedings, ICT'02 (IEEE, Long Beach, California, USA, 2002), p. 446
(PDF 586 KB)

Fleurial, J.-P., G. J. Snyder, J. Patel, C.-K. Huang, M. A. Ryan, R. Averback, C. Hill and G. Chen. "Solid-state power generation and cooling micro/nanodevices for distributed system architectures" 20th International Conference on Thermoelectrics. P. 24, IEEE (2001)

J.-P. Fleurial, G.J. Snyder, J. Patel, J.A.Herman,T. Caillat, B. Nesmith and E.A. Kolawa, "Miniaturized Radioisotope Solid State Power Sources" Space Technology and Applications International Forum Proceedings, Albuquerque, New Mexico, January 2000, (2000).(PDF 720 kB)

J.-P. Fleurial, G.J. Snyder, J.A. Herman, M. Smart and P. Shakkottai, P.H. Giauque and M.A. Nicolet "Miniaturized Thermoelectric Power Sources" 34th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference Proc., Vancouver, BC, Canada, IECEC99CD, 992569 (1999). (PDF 592 kB)

"Improved Thermoelectric Converter Units and Power Generators" NASA Tech Briefs, Dec. 1999 NPO-16556

Vladimir Semeniouk, J.-P. Fleurial, "Novel High Performance Thermoelectric Microcoolers with Diamond Substrates" Proc. 16th Int. Conf. Thermoelectrics, Dresden, Germany, August 26-29, (1997), 683. (PDF 400 kB)

J.-P. Fleurial, A. Borshchevsky, M.A. Ryan, W. Phillips, E. Kolawa, T. Kacisch and R. Ewell, "Thermoelectric Microcoolers for Thermal Management Applications" Proc. 16th Int. Conf. Thermoelectrics, Dresden, Germany, August 26-29, (1997), 641. (PDF 276 kB)

J.-P. Fleurial, A. Borshchevsky, T. Caillat and R. Ewell, 32nd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference Proc., July 27-August 1, Honolulu, Hawaii, (1997) 1080.

"Skutterudite Thermoelectric Unicouples for Generating Power"NASA Tech Briefs, Vol. 25, No. 12 (December 2001), NPO-30128.

"Highly Efficient Thermoelectric Unicouples" NASA Tech Briefs, Vol. 24, No. 10 (October 2000), NPO-20872.

Caillat, T., J.-P. Fleurial, G. J. Snyder and A. Borshchevsky. "Development of high efficiency segmented thermoelectric unicouples". 20th International Conference on Thermoelectrics. IEEE p. 282, (2001) (PDF 720 KB)

Caillat, T., J.-P. Fleurial, A. Zoltan, L.D. Zoltan, G.J. Snyder, and A. Borshchevsky. "Development of a high efficiency thermoelectric unicouple for power generation applications" in 18th international conference on Thermoelectrics. p. 473 (1999).

Caillat, T., J.-P. Fleurial, G.J. Snyder, and A. Borshchevsky. "Progress in Segmented Thermoelectric Unicouple". Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings Z11.6.1 (2000).

T. Caillat, J.- P. Fleurial, G. J. Snyder, A. Zoltan, D. Zoltan, and A. Borshchevsky "A New High Efficiency Segmented Thermoelectric Unicouple" 34th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference p. 2567 (1999). (PDF 212 kB)

 

Thermoelectric Microdevice

G. Jeffrey Snyder, James R. Lim, Chen-Kuo Huang, and Jean-Pierre Fleurial, "Thermoelectric microdevice fabricated by a MEMS-like electrochemical process." Nature Materials, Vol 2, p 528-531 (2003)

G. Jeffrey Snyder, Marco Soto, Randy Alley, David Koester, Bob Conner “Hot Spot Cooling using Embedded Thermoelectric Coolers” in SEMI-THERM 21 Symposium Proceedings, (IEEE, Dallas TX, 2006). (PDF 924KB)

Koester, D.; Venkatasubramanian, R.; Conner, B.; Snyder, G.J “Embedded thermoelectric coolers for semiconductor hot spot cooling” in 10th Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronics Systems, (IEEE, San Diego, CA, 2006).

R-G Yang, G. Chen, G. J. Snyder, and J.-P. Fleurial. "Multistage thermoelectric microcoolers". Journal of Applied Physics, Vol 95, p. 8226. (2004). ITherm 2002. Eighth Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (Cat. No.02CH37258), pp. 323-329, 2002.

R-G Yang, G. Chen, A. R. Kumar, G. J. Snyder, and J.-P. Fleurial. "Transient Cooling of Thermoelectric Coolers and Its Applications for Microdevices". Energy Conversion and Management 46, 1407 (2005) (PDF 664 kB).

J. R. Lim, J. F. Whitacre, J. P. Fleurial, C. K. Huang, M. A. Ryan, and N. V. Myung, "Fabrication method for thermoelectric nanodevices" Advanced Materials 17, 1488 (2005).

J. Fu, R. Yang, G. Chen., J. P. Fleurial, and G. J. Snyder, "Integrated Electroplated Heat Spreaders for High Power Semiconductor Lasers," Proceedings of the 6th ASME-JSME Thermal Engineering Joint Conference, pp. 53, 2003 (PDF 288kB)

Fleurial, J.-P., J. A. Herman, G. J. Snyder, M. A. Ryan, A. Borshchevsky and C.-K. Huang. "Electrochemical deposition of (Bi,Sb)2Te3 for thermoelectric microdevices". Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, Z11.3.1 (2000).

M.A. Ryan, N. V. Myung, J.-P. Fleurial, C.-K. Huang, J.A. Herman and J.F. Whitacre. "Electrochemically Deposited Semiconductor Nanowires." ECS Spring 2003 (PDF 357 KB)

J.R. Lim, G.J. Snyder, C.-K. Huang, J.A. Herman, M.A. Ryan and J.-P. Fleurial, "Thermoelectric Microdevice Fabrication Process and Evaluation at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)." Twentyfirst International Conference on Thermoelectrics. Proceedings, ICT'02 (IEEE, Long Beach, California, USA, 2002), p. 535. (PDF 614 KB)

J.-P. Fleurial, G. J. Snyder, C.-K. Huang, M.A. Ryan, and A. Borshchevsky, “Microfabricated Thermoelectric Generator Devices for Integrated High Voltage Power Sources", Space Technology and Applications International Forum Proceedings, Albuquerque, New Mexico, February 2002

"Microfabricated Thermoelectric Power Generation Devices" United States Patent 6,787,691 (PDF 2.1 MB);6,288,321 (PDF 868 KB)

B. Y. Yoo, C. K. Huang, J. R. Lim, J. Herman, M. A. Ryan, J. P. Fleurial, and N. V. Myung, "Electrochemically deposited thermoelectric n-type Bi2Te3 thin films" Electrochimica Acta 50, 4371 (2005).

D. J. Yao, C. J. Kim, G. Chen, J. L. Liu, K. L. Wang, J. Snyder, and J. P. Fleurial, "MEMS thermoelectric microcooler," Proceedings ICT2001. 20 International Conference on Thermoelectrics (Cat. No.01TH8589), pp. 401-404, 2001 (PDF 360 kB)

J.-P. Fleurial, G.J. Snyder, M.A. Ryan, C.-K. Huang, A. Borshchevsky, J.A. Herman, T. Caillat, Thermoelectric Microdevices for On-Chip Power Generation and Cooling, Fourth Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing Proceedings, Honolulu, Hawaii, December 2001

"Submillimeter-Sized Bi2-xSbxTe3 Thermoelectric Devices " NASA Tech Briefs, Vol. 24, No. 5 (May 2000), NPO-20472

"MEMS/ECD Method for Making Bi2-xSbxTe3 Thermoelectric Devices " NASA Tech Briefs, Vol. 32, No. 7 (July 2008), NPO-30797